{"id":4018,"date":"2020-06-27T01:50:15","date_gmt":"2020-06-27T00:50:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mco.ma\/?p=4018"},"modified":"2020-06-27T01:50:15","modified_gmt":"2020-06-27T00:50:15","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%87%d9%85-%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%8c-%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mco.ma\/?p=4018","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627<strong>\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629\u00b7<br \/>\n\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>Droits subjectifs, comme les droits naturels, les droits civils, les droits \u00e9conomiques, les droits sociaux, les droits d\u2019auteur, les libert\u00e9s publiques\u2026<br \/>\n\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<br \/>\nRights : human rights, Natural rights, civil rights, citizenship rights, copyright\u2026<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u00b7<br \/>\n\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>Droit : ex. droit \u00e9crit, droit coutumier, droit public, droit priv\u00e9\u2026droit civil, droit administratif\u2026<br \/>\n\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<br \/>\nLaw: statute law, common law, private law, public law, procedural law, substantive law, civil law, administrative law\u2026<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648<br \/>\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u00b7 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u00b7 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00b7<\/p>\n<p>On aura la d\u00e9finition stipulative qui sp\u00e9cifie le sens du droit, qui pr\u00e9cise la notion juridique, qui fait savoir le droit express\u00e9ment, qui mentionne express\u00e9ment le terme juridique. La d\u00e9finition lexicale concerne le lexique, le vocabulaire, le mot, et peut contenir plusieurs d\u00e9finitions pour un seul mot, pour un seul terme comme le terme droit : direct, juste, juridique, exact, principe, r\u00e8gle, rapport. Et enfin, la d\u00e9finition r\u00e9elle, qui concerne la chose effectivement, qui d\u00e9finit r\u00e9ellement la chose, l\u2019objet \u00e9tudi\u00e9, par exemple, l\u2019objet du droit \u00e9tudi\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>On distinguera entre le droit naturel et le droit positif (jusnaturalisme et positivisme), entre le droit objectif et le droit subjectif, entre le droit pratique et le droit th\u00e9orique, entre le droit public et le droit priv\u00e9, entre le droit et les droits, entre le droit interne et le droit externe ou international, entre le droit, les sciences juridiques et d\u2019autres disciplines proches : religieuses, morales, politiques, \u00e9conomiques, sociales, etc. On distinguera \u00e9galement entre le syst\u00e8me juridique et l\u2019ordre juridique ou l\u2019ordonnancement juridique\u2026<br \/>\n2)- \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 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structur\u00e9, l\u2019Etat cette entit\u00e9 th\u00e9ologique, cf. \u00ab Sur l\u2019Etat \u00bb, Cours au Coll\u00e8ge de France, 1989-1992, Paris, Seuil, 2012, 656 p.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0634\u064a\u062e\u060c \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1922\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1920\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c 2014\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0631\u0642\u0645 1\u060c \u0635 291-302\u00b7<\/p>\n<p>Force donc est de faire la distinction entre l\u2019ordre ou le commandement d\u2019une autorit\u00e9 publique l\u00e9gale, parce qu\u2019il est valide et s\u2019int\u00e8gre dans la hi\u00e9rarchie des normes, et l\u2019ordre d\u2019une autorit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e, anarchique, ill\u00e9gale, parce qu\u2019il est non valide et agit en dehors de ladite hi\u00e9rarchie ; et \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de l\u2019ordre l\u00e9gal, valide et respectant la hi\u00e9rarchie des lois, il faut faire la distinction entre l\u2019ordre conforme \u00e0 l\u2019id\u00e9e de droit, \u00e0 l\u2019id\u00e9e de l\u2019Etat de droit, \u00e0 la repr\u00e9sentation de l\u2019ordre social d\u00e9sirable et l\u2019ordre non conforme \u00e0 l\u2019id\u00e9e de l\u2019Etat de droit, G. Burdeau et al. 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Toutefois, ces normes ne sont pas s\u00e9par\u00e9es les unes des autres, elles sont intimement li\u00e9es.<br \/>\n4)- \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<br \/>\nLes branches de droit<br \/>\n\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a 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\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629\u00b7<\/p>\n<p>La m\u00e9thode inductive passe par les faits, puis la qualification des faits par le droit et enfin la solution du juge. La pr\u00e9somption \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 est l\u2019induction par laquelle on remonte d\u2019un fait connu \u00e0 un fait contest\u00e9. La pr\u00e9somption de fait est induite par le juge, la pr\u00e9somption l\u00e9gale est \u00e9tablie par la loi et constitue une dispense de preuve.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641 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\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u00b7<\/p>\n<p>C\u2019est un principe syllogistique : pr\u00e9misse ou proposition majeure, pr\u00e9misse mineure, conclusion, exemple : tous les hommes sont mortels, or je suis un homme, donc je suis mortel. Tout voleur m\u00e9rite peine or untel est voleur, donc untel m\u00e9rite peine. Tout corrompu m\u00e9rite r\u00e9vocation or tel fonctionnaire est corrompu, donc tel fonctionnaire m\u00e9rite r\u00e9vocation.<\/p>\n<p>5)- \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647<br \/>\nQuelles sont les raisons de la cr\u00e9ation du droit ?<br \/>\n\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u00b7 \u0644\u0643\u0646 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\u0645\u0646\u0630 2500 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0631 2010\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 (740-743)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 (1296-1328)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 (1524-1535)\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 (1848)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 (1871)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (1776)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 (1789)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 (1921-1926)\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7<\/p>\n<p>Comment peut-on r\u00e9soudre ou d\u00e9passer ce paradoxe exprim\u00e9 par ces deux adages latins qui restent, par ailleurs, toujours d\u2019actualit\u00e9 : \u00ab Dura lex, sed lex \u00bb et \u00ab Summum jus, summa injuria \u00bb et qui signifient respectivement : \u00ab La loi est dure, mais c\u2019est la loi \u00bb et \u00ab Comble du droit, comble de l\u2019injustice \u00bb, dans la mesure o\u00f9 le premier adage souligne la rigueur et la rigidit\u00e9 de la loi mais invite \u00e0 l\u2019ob\u00e9issance et \u00e0 la r\u00e9signation, tandis que le second adage d\u00e9nonce l\u2019abus du droit et de l\u2019injustice et appelle, en l\u2019occurrence, \u00e0 la d\u00e9sob\u00e9issance et \u00e0 la r\u00e9volte ? Si le premier principe exhorte au conservatisme, au conformisme, au traditionalisme, \u00e0 l\u2019iconol\u00e2trie, l\u2019imitation, l\u2019archa\u00efsme ou le suivisme, le second exalte le progressisme, le modernisme, le non-conformisme, l\u2019iconoclasme, l\u2019originalit\u00e9 et l\u2019innovation.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0622\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0645\u062d \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u00b7 1)- \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 La notion &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4019,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"categories":[52,53],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.13 - 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